Tuff

Essexite

Tuff and Essexite

Tuff

Essexite

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Definition

Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption

Essexite which is also known as nepheline monzogabbro, is a dark gray or black holocrystalline plutonic Iigneous Rock

History

Origin

Italy

USA

Discoverer

Unknown

Etymology

From a Latin word tophous then in Italian tufo and finally tuff

From the locality in Essex County, Massachusetts,US

Class

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Plutonic

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Clastic, Pyroclastic

Granular

Color

Brown, Grey, Yellow

Dark Grey to Black

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull, Vesicular and Foilated

Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Jewelry, Sea Defence, Tombstones

Types

Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.

Intermediate volcanic rock

Features

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust

Is one of the oldest rock, Smooth to touch

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Tuff is formed when large masses of ash and sand which are mixed with hot gases are ejected by a volcano and avalanche rapidly down its slopes.

Essexite is a type of igneous rock, which is usually dark grey to black plutonic rock. For the formation of essexite, suitable magma with exact composition of K, Ba, Rb, Cs, Sr should be produced.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Chlorite

Augite, Feldspar, Hornblende, Nepheline, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

Compound Content

Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, Ba, Ca, Cs, Potassium, Rb, Sodium, Sr

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Water Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

4-67

1 7

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Grain Size

Fine Grained

Fracture

Uneven

Conchoidal

Streak

White

Black

Porosity

Highly Porous

Luster

Vitreous to Dull

Compressive Strength

243.80 N/mm²120.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

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Cleavage

Toughness

1.6

Specific Gravity

2.73-9999

0 8.4

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Transparency

Opaque

Density

1-1.8 g/cm³-9999 g/cm³

0 1400

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Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.20 kJ/Kg K0.79 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen

India, Russia

Africa

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda

South Africa

Europe

France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

Germany, Greece, Italy, Scotland, Turkey

Others

Antarctica, Hawaii Islands

Greenland

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA

Canada, USA

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay

Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

New Zealand, Queensland

All about Tuff and Essexite Properties

Know all about Tuff and Essexite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tuff and Essexite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Tuff is Clastic, Pyroclastic whereas that of Essexite is Granular. Tuff appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated and Essexite appears Banded. The luster of Tuff is vitreous to dull while that of Essexite is . Tuff is available in brown, grey, yellow colors whereas Essexite is available in dark grey to black colors. The commercial uses of Tuff are creating artwork and that of Essexite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, jewelry, sea defence, tombstones.